新型双层全陶粒滤池的设计和生产实践

本文提出了新型双层陶粒滤料池的研究成果.文中介绍了新型双层滤池的构造、设计参数和基本工作性能.     

轻集料预湿程度对页岩陶粒砼抗冻性的影响

采用快速冻融试验方法研究轻集料不同预湿程度对页岩陶粒混凝土抗冻性的影响。结果表明，预湿程度对标养28d页岩陶粒混凝土的抗冻性有影响，随着预湿程度的增加，抗冻性有所降低，但仍能满足300次冻融循环要求；而随着养护龄期的延长，预湿程度对页岩陶粒混凝土的抗冻性几乎没有影响。同时对抗冻机理做了初步的探讨。     

含泥硅质石屑-石灰加气混凝土试验研究

利用不同含泥量的硅质石屑作为硅质材料与石灰钙质材料进行水热合成反应制备B05、B06级加气混凝土。通过配合比设计、发气研究、加气混凝土性能测试，得出了用不同含泥量石屑制备加气混凝土的适宜配方及关键工艺参数；并通过XRD、SEM等测试手段，探讨了含泥硅质石屑-石灰加气混凝土的微观结构。研究结果表明，含泥硅质石屑-石灰体系水热合成反应后，水化产物为低结晶度的水化硅酸钙、托贝莫来石和水石榴石，并形成了均匀密实的加气混凝土结构。     

Characterization by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the insoluble organic residues derived from the hydrogenation of Tasmanites sp. oil shale

The insoluble organic residues from the hydrogenation of Tasmanites sp. oil shale have been characterized by Curie point pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography and computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The resulting pyrograms show that very little, if any, hydrogenation of the residues occurs. Rather, the initial step in the sequence is pyrolysis of the residue followed by hydrogenation of the liquid products. Major compounds identified from the pyrograms of the residues include alkene/alkane doublets, mixtures of diterpenoids and mono- di- and triaromatic compounds. Changes in the distribution of these compounds with changes in reaction conditions are discussed.     

辽河盆地大民屯凹陷油气性质及成因机制研究

大民屯凹陷油品性质复杂,既有含蜡量小于20%的正常油,又富含蜡量>20%的特高蜡油。经过原油物性、甾萜等分析,认为高蜡油油源岩沉积环境为较正常油贫粘土、盐度相对较高、相对闭塞的弱还原环境,其母质应由陆源高等植物和低等水生生物共同构成,且经微生物改造较强烈。正常油油源以高等植物为主体,处于相对氧化且富粘土的沉积环境。通过精细油源对比认为:大民屯凹陷高蜡油主要来源于沙四下部的"油页岩",而正常油母质主要为沙四上部和沙三四的厚层泥岩。综合分析认为高蜡油成因主要受控于沉积母质和沉积环境的双重控制,且因整个大民屯凹陷较低的热演化程度而使高蜡油得以保存。      

平动椭圆振动筛参数化建模

平动椭圆振动筛具有优良的性能和钻井液处理能力,已广泛应用于国内外油田泥浆的净化处理系统。文章介绍了用Pro／E软件对振动筛进行参数化设计、开发专用振动筛设计程序的方法。为提高振动筛的设计效率、推出新产品提供了强有力的支持。     

Trace metal composition of Green River retorted shale oil

Crude shale oils from an aboveground and two in-situ retorting processes were characterized for 26 trace element constituents. The shale oils were pyrolysed from Green River Formation oil shale by pilot plant or semiworks-sized facilities. Trace elements were resolved into those predominantly associated with suspended shale fines or emulsified water, and those more intimately associated with the shale oil matrix. The abundance of the metals As, Co, Fe, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, V and Zn were quantified in whole and fractionated shale oil samples; the possible chemical nature of several metals is discussed. Based on the shale oils examined, the following observations were noted: the shale oils contained moderately high levels of Fe (33–63 ppm) and As (9.3–29 ppm), and lower quantities of Co, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn (≈1–10 ppm); most trace metals were associated with asphaltene or resin components; relative to reported mean values for petroleum, the As, Co, Fe, Mo and Se were more prevalent in Green River shale oil; in-situ retorting processes appeared to introduce Mo into the product shale oil.     

Use of Sorbents of Hot-Contact Coal Carbonization in the Power Industry

The many years of experience in the use of sorbents of hot-contact coal carbonization in the power industry is used for substantiation of their prospects for solving problems of power and materials saving and improving the reliability and safety of operation of power equipment. Results of tests of sorbents in systems of water conditioning of thermal power plants, cleaning of return condensates, mazut- and oil-contaminated process wastewaters, makeup water in heat networks, and biosorption cleaning of sewerage are presented. The sorption methods of cleaning are shown to have many advantages, to save expensive ion-exchange resins and reagents, to decrease the cost of desalinated water, and to prolong the service of power equipment. Comparative data are presented for basic commercial kinds of activated carbon and HCCC sorbents (ABD). The technical characteristics of sorbents of hot-contact coal carbonization are shown to be at the level of commercial sorbents or be higher at a much lower cost (by a factor of 2.5 – 3). It is shown that the creation of several HCCC installations with an output of 25 – 30 thousand tons of sorbents a year at coal-fired power plants will solve many water-cleaning problems of the EÉS Rossii Co. (The United Power Systems of Russia) and make it a monopolistic producer of activated carbon in the Russian market.     

Solvent swelling studies of Göynük (Kerogen Type-I) and Beypazar? oil shales (Kerogen Type-II)

The volumetric swelling procedure was applied to Göynük and Beypazar? oil shales from Turkey by using 10 solvents and the cross-linking in the macromolecular network of oil shales were investigated using this technique. Results from solvent swelling measurements show that the volumetric solvent swelling of oil shales samples roughly follows the regular solution theory. The theory of solvent swelling of cross-linked polymers developed Flory-Rehner and extension of this theory by Kovac-Peppas was used to calculate number average molecular weight per cross-link of kerogen structure in oil shale samples. Results indicate no remarkable difference between values for Göynük oil shale (Kerogen Type I) and Beypazar? oil shale (Kerogen Type II).     

泥页岩水化时效评价方法研究

目前钻井过程中的一大技术难题是泥页碉与钻井液接触后,钻井液中滤液和微细颗粒可能进入泥页岩,引起泥页岩力学性质发生变化,强度下降,从而引发一系列井下复杂情况和事故,妨碍油气勘探开发的过程。在研究该问题时,需要了解页岩的水化特性,了解泥页岩水化过程中强度变化等。这些都需要适合的试验方法来测试和分析。针对泥页岩水化后强度降低的特点,研制出泥页岩水化时效评价仪器。该仪器结构紧,操作方便,能自动采集处理数据并打印出结果,具有较高的测量精度。测试数据和曲线对于分析不同泥页岩的水化特征和优选抑制性钻井液处理剂及防塌钻井液配方具有重要作用。